Friday, April 24, 2020
Skin Cancer Essay Example
Skin Cancer Essay Skin cancer is a malignant neoplasm that develops from the cells of the skin. The cancerous growth tends to spreads to the other parts of the body. Usually skin cancers develop due to exposure to high amounts of ultraviolet radiation from the sun. The lesion can take various forms including ulcers; red, black, blue or brown lesions; swellings; cystic lesions; areas of degenerated tissues; crusts; scales; etc. What causes Skin Cancer? There may be a number of etiological factors for skin cancer. However, the most common seems to be constant exposure to ultraviolet rays from the sun. Individuals who constantly develop sunburns are at a greater risk of developing skin cancers. Other risk factors for the development of skin cancers include excessive scars present on the skin (which can undergo malignant transformation), infection with the human papilloma virus, exposure to carcinogen, exposure to other forms of radiation such as infrared, X-rays, or nuclear explosions, certain individuals with genetic disorders (in which the genetic material is defected and cannot repair normal damage suffered to the skin), presence of a large number of melanocytic nevi (moles) on the skin, white skinned individuals, previous history of skin cancers, genetic susceptibility to develop skin cancers, certain skin disorders, etc. Both genetic factors coupled with the environmental factors play a very important role in the development of skin cancer. Who gets skin cancer? We will write a custom essay sample on Skin Cancer specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Skin Cancer specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Skin Cancer specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Many individuals are at a higher risk of developing skin cancer compared to others. Some or the individuals at a risk of developing skin cancer include:-  ·Ã‚                    Fair-skinned individuals (compared to dark)  ·Ã‚                    Individuals having a previous history of skin cancers  ·Ã‚                    Individuals having a family history of the disorder (up to 10 % of all cases have such a history)  ·Ã‚                    Europeans are at a greater risk compared to Africans and Asians  ·Ã‚                    Individuals suffering from certain immune disorders (such as HIV/AIDS) or receiving certain drugs (such as immunosuppressant)  ·Ã‚                    Individuals suffering from pre-existing skin disorders (such as actinic keratosis, xeroderma pigmentosum, senile keratosis, lupus vulgaris, burns, warts, scars eczema, and Bowen’s disease)  ·Ã‚                    Individuals having a high number of melanocytic nevi (moles) present on the surface of the skin. Moles likely to be traumatized are at a higher risk of undergoing malignant transformation  ·Ã‚                    Individuals affected with certain pre-malignant skin disorders (such as carcinoma in situ)  ·Ã‚                    Individuals whose occupation requires them to work excessively in outdoors.  ·Ã‚                    Individual who stay closer to the equator  ·Ã‚                    Older individuals (there is a general increase in the cancer occurrence with an increase in the age)  ·Ã‚                    Individuals with light-colored hair  ·Ã‚                     Individuals exposed excessively to X-rays, infrared rays and other forms of radiation (such as nuclear explosions)  ·Ã‚                    Individuals exposed to noxious chemicals such as arsenic, tars, oils and solvents Different types of skin cancer (Basal Carcinoma, Squamous Carcinoma, Malignant Melanoma) MUST INCLUDE THESE 3 TYPES Skin cancers are of three types, namely basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and malignant melanoma.  Basal cell carcinoma is a slow-spreading cancer of the skin that develops in areas exposed to sunlight. It arises from the basal cells of the epidermis. The condition arises from exposed portions of the skin, and is by far the most common type of skin cancer. It is also known as ‘rodent ulcer’. Squamous cell carcinoma develops from flat cells present in the outer layer of the skin, usually due to long-term exposure from ultraviolet light and also exposure to infrared and X-rays (excessively). Malignant melanoma is a skin cancer that develops from the cells that produce the pigment melanin (melanocytes). It occurs less frequently compared to basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, but is by far the most dangerous of all conditions (as it tends to spread rapidly to the surrounding structures, regional lymph nodes and the distan t structures of the body. It more frequently occurs in fair-individuals compared to dark. Every ten year, the incidences of malignant melanoma are doubling primarily because of the increase in the ultraviolet ray emission from the sun. The incidence rates of squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma is about 1, 000, 000, and about 1000 individuals die from the condition each year in the US. On the other hand, about 60, 000 new cases of malignant melanoma occur every year in the US, with about 8, 000 fatal outcomes. The problems with skin canceretc Squamous cell carcinoma is the second most common skin cancer after basal cell carcinoma. The tumor tends to spread to other parts of the body. The tumor appears as a scaly, crusted, growing swelling, or a non healing ulcer. It usually appears red in color and the borders appear rolled-out or indurated, suggesting the spreading nature of the tumor. The base of the lesion contains granulation tissue. It usually develops on the portions of the skin that are usually exposed to the sunlight such as the scalp, face, lips, nose, neck, upper limbs ears. Rarely, it can develop in other portions of the body such as the oral cavity, genitals, etc. The tumor tends to spread to the surrounding tissues and destroys them (locally invasive). More than 2, 500 individuals in the US die from squamous cell carcinoma every year. The tumor does not cause any pain or tenderness during the early stages of the disorder. The regional lymph nodes may be enlarged. Th e diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma is confirmed through a biopsy of the lesion. The treatment varies depending on the size of the tumor, spread to various parts of the body, involvement of the lymph nodes and individual factors. The entire tumor, along with a margin of the healthy tissue and the involved lymph nodes are removed through surgery. Radiotherapy is recommended for superficial tumors and to reduce the chances of recurrence in those that cannot be completely removed through surgery (American Academy of Dermatology, 2006). The incidences of basal cell carcinoma are increasing each year by about 10 % due to increasing levels of ultraviolet rays. Most of the tumors occur on the head, face and the neck region, whereas less often it occurs on the upper limbs, intra-orally and the genitals. In women, the condition frequently occurs on the breasts. During the initial stages of the disease, the tumor appears translucent and pearly. The rodent ulcer variety is characterized by rolled out borders with an ulcer that does not heal. The tumor tends to spread very slowly, and invaded the local tissues. As it grows, the tumor tends to furrow in and degenerate the tissues. The individual may not develop pain, but a slight itch may be present. The regional lymph nodes are usually not involved. The tumor may also be nodular, cystic, pigmented, or morphoeic. The morphoeic variety is an aggressive version of the tumor that has irregular borders and spreads to other parts of the body ve ry quickly. The metastasis rates of basal cell carcinoma are as low as 0.0028% to 0.55%. The diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma is confirmed with the help of a biopsy. Superficial lesions can be treated with radiotherapy, whereas surgery can result in higher success and five-year survival rates. Several other techniques such as cryotherapy, Laser surgery, Grafting, curettage, local chemotherapy and photodynamic therapy may also help in the treatment of basal cell carcinoma. The outcome of basal cell carcinoma is much better than squamous cell carcinoma and malignant melanoma (C S M Wong. 2003). Malignant melanoma usually arises from normal skin (exposed to sunlight) or from moles. The lesion appears blue or bluish black. In a mole, the color changes and/or the size increases suggesting malignant transformation. The tumor can be present as a skin lesion, an ulcer, swelling, etc. The borders of the tumor appear irregular and it has a light halo surrounding it. The regional lymph nodes may be involved. Pain is usually present, but sometimes an itch develops. Frequently, the ABCDE criteria (Asymmetry, irregular Borders, Color appears different, Diameter below or above 6 mm, and Elevation) is utilized to assess the tumor. Melanomas can be classified into 4 types, including the superficial spreading type (flat, brown to black in color, frequent), nodular melanoma (blackish-blue or bluish-red raised lesion), Lentigo maligna melanoma (large, flat lesion), and Acral lentiginous melanoma (common in Blacks, Chinese and Japanese, and present in the hands and feet). Very rarely are systemic features (such as low-grade fever, anemia, weight loss, breathing difficulties, malaise, loss of appetite, etc) present. The tumor tends to invade the deeper tissues, spreads to the lymph nodes, and also to distant parts of the body resulting in distant metastasis. The diagnosis of malignant melanoma is made using excisional biopsy. Frequently, a biopsy of the regional lymph nodes and other tissues of the body may be required to detect involvement. The treatment of melanoma varies depending dimensions of the tumor, involvement of lymph nodes, neighboring structures and distant structures, and the individual factors (such as age, medical condition, etc). Small tumors are usually treated by excision of the lesion and a huge potion of the surrounding tissues. Several other treatment modalities such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, etc, may also be needed (NCI. 2003).
Tuesday, March 17, 2020
How does jazz the music and its story reflect the American experience
How does jazz the music and its story reflect the American experience Jazz is acknowledged around the globe for its rich cultural legacy entrenched in the African-American experience. Ever since its initiation in the early 20th century; jazz has greatly contributed to the American culture and has been a reflection of American experience and is also extensively believed to be the only truly unique American art form. The mission of Jazz in America is to integrate the teaching and learning of jazz story into every public institution in the country.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on How does jazz the music and its story reflect the American experience? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Jazz music reflects the American experience by creating a greater understanding of American culture hence appreciating it. It creates insight into issues such as teamwork, freedom with accountability, harmony with ethnic diversity, correlation of diligence, goal achievement and the American spirit. Its story he lps Americans acquire respect for diverse cultural heritage. The basics of jazz extend back in time of slave work songs in the 20th century where there were field bawls, grief songs and spirituals. The vocal, musical, and harmonious elements of jazz were mainly African. These elements slowly blended, and the earliest music that people now call jazz was played by African-American and Creole bands in New Orleans in the early 20th century (Prouty 151). In its early years, jazz had elements of Rag-time, marching rock band music, and Blues. As years passed, this indigenous-born type of music expression grew into swing, hard bop, cool jazz, fusion, smooth jazz and contemporary. Actually, the extensive jazz sounds capture the vibrant convolution of the American experience. Similarly, the medium of jazz has been held by musical groups and music funs straddling the world from Europe to Asia to Africa. Jazz is the only true American piece of music. It is a blend of African rhythms, with Weste rn influences. In the present day, jazz is played and listened to by people of all cultures and ethnic groups and comprises of musical elements and styles from all over the globe; jazz has gone from being the music of Americans to being the global music. Jazz was rooted from Africans and grew through the African-American experience in the USA. Jazz is an American melodic experience that represents America’s ingenuity and their spirit of change. Deeply entrenched in their culture, it has changed perpetually how they hear tone, distinguish rhythm and express themselves creatively and artistically. The story of jazz reflects the history of America, starting with the mandatory immigration of 11 million Africans to the New World as slaves (Dean 123). Musical traditions entwined in colonial America, European and in Western Africa and every American decade added its own cover of uniqueness to the music.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More All through the 20th century, Jazz evolved largely from a single cultural group’s experience. It is a gem brought about by decades of human anguish and a continuing struggle for liberty, self-respect and self-expression. Jazz is a tradition in evolution, having formed by classical, blues, R B, country, rock, gospel, funk, Latin, African, Far Eastern, pop, folk, rap, and hip hop. Jazz continues to evolve as an influence and an art-form of modern culture. Jazz was initiated to the post World War I with its export to Europe by martial jazz rock bands consisting of African American military. Ever since, jazz has turned into a soundtrack for our contemporary world. Individuals from every society, religion and ethnicity communicate in the jazz language. Dean, William. The American Spiritual Culture: And the Invention of Jazz, Football, and the Movies, USA: Continuum International Publishing Group, 2006. Print. Pro uty, Ken. Knowing Jazz Community, Pedagogy and Canon in the Information Age, New York: Univ. Press of Mississippi, 2011.Print.
Sunday, March 1, 2020
American Government Journal Topics
American Government Journal Topics Journal topics can be another method for students to learn about American Government. The following topics can be used in Civics and American Government courses: Democracy to me means†¦An alien has just landed. Explain to that alien the purpose of government.Identify a need in your school that you believe should be addressed. Write in your journal what changes you believe should be made as if you were presenting this to your principal.Describe what you believe life would be like in a dictatorship.What questions would you specifically like to ask the President of the United States?Taxes in this country are†¦If I could add an amendment to the constitution it would be†¦Capital punishment is†¦Which is more important to your daily life: local government, state government, or federal government? Explain in our journal why you answered as you did.The state of _____ (fill in your state) is unique because†¦I consider myself (republican, democrat, independent) because†¦Republicans are†¦Democrats are†¦If you could step back in time, what questions would you ask the founding fathers?Which Founding Father or Foundin g Mother would you most like to meet? Why?What three words would you use to describe America? Explain how you plan to participate in government as you grow older.Public opinion polls are†¦Imagine that the school board has decided to eliminate your favorite program from school. For example, they might have decided to do away with art classes, band, track and field, etc. What could you do to protest this move?A president should be†¦
Friday, February 14, 2020
MBA, Total Quality Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words
MBA, Total Quality Management - Essay Example The process of driving the organization towards realization of these goals entails among other things proper planning. Management undertakes the planning in terms of short-term vision as well as long-term vision; whenever an organization adopts either short-term goals or the long-range vision, continuous improvement is vital in order to realize that long-term objective. Nevertheless, changes in management practices have seen a substantial shift of the management practices from long range planning to more simplified planning structures, which concentrate on very short term goals that are easy to achieve and evaluate. In order for any business to remain relevant and objective, the periodical evaluation and analysis of performance is critical. This paper therefore intends to critically analyze the existence of the short-term goals as well as the continuous improvement. It shall evaluate the threat posed by short term goals to the process of continuous improvement and if there be any, ev aluate by what ways are the short terms planning overtaking the long term planning. Moreover, this study will verify the proposition that the continuous improvement strategies are being eroded for the sake of the short-term goals within organizations. ... Most management carries out their tasks with the short, achievable and evaluative goals, which in many cases are not long term. This may be necessitated by the prevailing frameworks through which the organization is working as well as the economic frameworks within the global perspective. Continuous Improvement is one of the best-acknowledged measures in total quality management practices within the globe and has indeed been seen to lead companies to realize high performances and quality production by firms (Zangwill and Kantor, 1998, p.910). It sets an outline of programs through which the performance of the firms may be evaluated over time. It is thus seen to form a basis of linking short-term goals as well as the long-term goals of an organization. However, an emergent concern whether the practice is under threat by the short-term goals as our study is investigating. The management of firms and other organizations are usually seen to be guided by frameworks of goals and objectives . The goals that take longer to be realized and which require greater efforts are the so called the long-term goals while those that are more immediate, the short term ones. Firms usually have a clear distinction of these goals for the ease of evaluation and performance. Nevertheless, the ‘length’ of these goals depends on the nature of the company as well as the time frame that is so called short term or long term. In many cases, what may be short-term for one company may be very different and be referred to as long term for the case of another company; there is therefore no clear cut point as to the time frame within which the objectives
Saturday, February 1, 2020
Immigration, Politics and Policy Contribution Assignment
Immigration, Politics and Policy Contribution - Assignment Example This proposal favors the Latino portion of the population who make up the highest number of immigrants from Mexico, but the government should consider many underlying factors, including the reasons for immigration and the effects on the United States’ resources. This paper will state an overview of reasons to consider when formulating an immigration policy; then propose a possible policy change and implementation plan using the fifth and sixth steps Jansson’s policy plan respectively (Jansson, 2010). According to Guyette, Tavalin and Rooker (2012), the United States has historically attempted to control illegal immigration into the country by passing restrictive policies and increasing border security. These approaches have failed if the ongoing debate for and against illegal immigrants is gouged. Data concerning illegal immigration is mostly hypothetical since transactions concerning immigrants are mostly not recorded in any official documents. For instance, Barnes (2010) in his opinion claims that it costs each native household $ 1,117, per annum to support illegal immigrants, totaling to $113 billion a year for the whole nation. The influx of illegal immigration cases can be traced to a myriad of reasons, but the main cause, in my opinion, is the government’s inefficiency in enforcing its policies on immigration. Therefore, the country needs to refrain from a complete overhaul of policies and ensure enforcement of policies to reduce illegal immigration. The country can adopt a stable policy that can be monitored and improved continuously. Any policy proposal change should ensure accounting for all the positive and negative aspects of immigration, by being fair to illegal immigrants if the merits of having them in the country outweigh the disadvantages. An effective policy should contribute positively to various aspects of the United States society. It should be implemented and assessable.
Friday, January 24, 2020
insane narrator :: essays research papers
The Insane Narrator Edgar Allan Poe was born on January 19, 1809 in Boston Massachusetts. His parents David Poe Jr. and Elizabeth Arnold Hopkins, both died when Edgar was very young. Calvin Thomas published Poe’s first book, Tamerlane and other Poems in Boston in 1827. His first real job was the editor of Thomas W. White’s Southern Literary Messenger where he worked for nearly a year. In 1836, he was married to his 13-year-old cousin. He wrote many short stories including the Tell-Tale Heart in 1843, which is about a murderer who is subconsciously haunted into confessing what he just did. He died on October 7, 1849 in Baltimore. The narrator is insane because of his unnatural preoccupation with the eye, his distorted logic, and the hearing of voices and sounds, which reveal the madness. For some strange reason, the narrator was obsessed with the old man’s eye. He wasn’t even certain on how it started, but to him, it was an eye of a vulture. The old man was going to be murdered because of his pale blue eye. Infact, for seven straight nights at midnight the eye was closed. It wasn’t until finally on the eighth night when the narrator’s thumb slipped on the tin fastening, which woke up the old man. He grew furious when he did see the eye and new inside that he must murder this old man because of his eye. It is hard to imagine why a person’s eye would bother another person enough to kill, but some people are truly insane. His logic was distorted, so to him, the murder of the old man was the only thing that could soothe his pain. He then made the decision to only kill him when he saw his eye. This took him eight days, though I’m sure he would have done it the first night if he had the chance. While he was killing the old man, he had a smile on his face. The murder of the old man was justified.One might think that the narrator needed to murder something for a reason. The reason for killing the old man was absurd, but it worked for him. He also heard voices that would haunt him day and night. Those voices told him the eye was evil, and that he was doing the right thing. He would also hear a groan of terror many nights at midnight.
Thursday, January 16, 2020
Paradise Lost Essay
Paradise Lost is a poem by John Milton that is about the Fall of Man, how Adam and Eve were tempted by the serpent who is Satan, and how God sent them out of the garden. Satan makes the angels turn against God leading to his expulsion out of paradise as well. God’s mercy, the son of God and the ultimate salvation and redemption are brought out in this epic poem. The poem is a series of arguments that were an expression of the characters in the poem. On further reading the poem, one understands that these poems are an expression of what Milton holds as the truth. He employs the use of analogies are digression to explain his belief with Satan considered a hero. Puritans were the extreme Protestants who were within the Church of England who held a strong belief that the Reformation did not make enough changes in the teachings and structure of the church. Puritans therefore found it upon themselves to purify their church by doing away with whatever they regarded as Catholic influence. They are extremely strict especially with regard to morality and religious matters. Puritans hold strong convictions regarding various aspects on the Biblical teachings. First, that personal salvation was from God alone. Secondly, that the Bible is the Bible was the true guide to life. Thirdly, that the way a church lives should be in accordance with what the scriptures say and finally that the society was unified as one. This paper will explain how the poem Paradise Lost is a reflection of John Milton’s Puritan beliefs. Milton discusses topics like the reality of evil, divine providence and the unification of the human race as one. As mentioned above, these are the strong convictions of Puritans. Paradise Lost is seen to be Milton’s expression of his Puritan belief which is mainly truth and purity despite the decadence of the society. In Book V, Abdiel, who was confronted by Satan refused to rebel against God and jealously guarded his faithfulness to God. The poem begins with a civil war in heaven. Here, Lucifer was exiled out of heaven after revolting against God. Together with Beelzebub, they form an alliance. This is a reflection of the civil war that happened in England with the puritans characterized as Lucifer and England as God. The Puritans had tried to take over England the same way Lucifer tried to overthrow God. Many Puritans were killed. Milton was excommunicated from the society just like Lucifer was sent away from heaven. Conclusion Milton argues in his poem that just as God is not to blame for the fall of man, neither was Milton to take blame for the corruption and subsequent trials that were faced in England at the time of Oliver Cromwell. That the failure of Puritanism was as a result of the people not accepting God’s will in the ruler ship of England. The conclusion of the poem is based on Milton’s belief that absolute obedience to God will lead to order and sanity in the society and the world at large. According to John Milton, Paradise Lost is a parallel to the civil wars in England and the English Reformation that led to the emergence of the Puritans.
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